Table 3 Comparison of the TMJ measurements values on the left and right sides before and after Twin-Block appliance treatment (x ± s, mm)

AJS

2.73 ± 0.26

2.70 ± 0.23

0.150

2.70 ± 0.19

2.71 ± 0.22

0.708

SJS

2.89 ± 0.23

2.87 ± 0.25

0.460

2.89 ± 0.20

2.87 ± 0.20

0.212

PJS

2.59 ± 0.24

2.55 ± 0.24

0.107

2.62 ± 0.18

2.64 ± 0.19

0.501

MJS

2.87 ± 0.19

2.88 ± 0.21

0.472

2.89 ± 0.28

2.88 ± 0.28

0.528

LJS

2.68 ± 0.20

2.68 ± 0.19

0.967

2.68 ± 0.24

2.65 ± 0.21

0.206

WGF

28.92 ± 0.94

28.95 ± 0.95

0.681

29.45 ± 1.40

29.36 ± 1.45

0.613

DGF

13.42 ± 0.72

13.31 ± 0.76

0.201

14.81 ± 1.11

14.74 ± 1.16

0.571

HC

9.02 ± 0.54

8.99 ± 0.58

0.617

10.98 ± 1.03

10.97 ± 1.03

0.844

SCA (°)

73.30 ± 2.07

73.23 ± 2.05

0.375

73.02 ± 2.61

73.15 ± 2.53

0.347

HCA (°)

73.30 ± 2.61

73.23 ± 2.60

0.129

74.00 ± 2.13

73.77 ± 1.99

0.242

IEDC

16.43 ± 1.36

16.42 ± 1.39

0.821

17.63 ± 1.84

17.49 ± 1.82

0.316

APDC

8.44 ± 0.38

8.39 ± 0.43

0.181

10.25 ± 1.06

10.16 ± 1.16

0.430

VC (mm³)

1193.21 ± 144.91

1179.80 ± 158.34

0.146

1277.15 ± 97.26

1263.82 ± 86.64

0.231

SC (mm²)

1504.75 ± 109.04

1495.72 ± 107.86

0.069

1607.26 ± 91.96

1629.67 ± 116.22

0.372

LMR

59.71 ± 3.24

59.89 ± 3.29

0.059

64.54 ± 3.43

64.54 ± 3.34

0.988

LMB

78.97 ± 1.89

78.91 ± 2.02

0.510

82.02 ± 1.31

82.13 ± 1.15

0.604

WMR

31.49 ± 2.12

31.61 ± 2.25

0.065

32.53 ± 1.86

32.58 ± 1.85

0.770

ML

112.18 ± 2.69

112.41 ± 2.55

0.095

117.53 ± 3.92

117.46 ± 4.36

0.863