Table 1 Schobinger classification
From: A 16-year retrospective study of vascular anomalies in the head and neck region
Stage | Status | Clinical manifestations |
|---|---|---|
Stage I | Quiescent AVM | Hyperemia, cutaneous blush, shunting on doppler |
Stage II | Expansive AVM | Pulsations, thrill, bruit, enlargement, tortuous veins |
Stage III | Destructive AVM | Ulceration, bleeding or continuous pain |
Stage IV | Decompensated AVM | High output heart failure |